![]() In fact, norepinephrine, also known as noradrenalin, may sound familiar because it plays a large role in the fight or flight response, which kicks into high gear when we’re stressed and keeps us alert. These chemicals make us giddy, energetic, and euphoric, even leading to decreased appetite and insomnia – which means you actually can be so “in love” that you can’t eat and can’t sleep. High levels of dopamine and a related hormone, norepinephrine, are released during attraction. In this case, these things include spending time with loved ones and having sex. Attraction involves the brain pathways that control “reward” behavior (Figure 1), which partly explains why the first few weeks or months of a relationship can be so exhilarating and even all-consuming.ĭopamine, produced by the hypothalamus, is a particularly well-publicized player in the brain’s reward pathway – it’s released when we do things that feel good to us. While we can certainly lust for someone we are attracted to, and vice versa, one can happen without the other. Meanwhile, attraction seems to be a distinct, though closely related, phenomenon. Lust and attraction shut off the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which includes rational behavior. D: Several of the regions of the brain that affect love. B and C: Dopamine, oxytocin, and vasopressin are all made in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that controls many vital functions as well as emotion. Figure 1: A: The testes and ovaries secrete the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen, driving sexual desire. The effects are less pronounced with estrogen, but some women report being more sexually motivated around the time they ovulate, when estrogen levels are highest. As it turns out, testosterone increases libido in just about everyone. ![]() While these chemicals are often stereotyped as being “male” and “female,” respectively, both play a role in men and women. The hypothalamus of the brain plays a big role in this, stimulating the production of the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen from the testes and ovaries (Figure 1). Through reproduction, organisms pass on their genes, and thus contribute to the perpetuation of their species. ![]() The evolutionary basis for this stems from our need to reproduce, a need shared among all living things. Lust is driven by the desire for sexual gratification. Testosterone and estrogen drive lust dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin create attraction and oxytocin and vasopressin mediate attachment. Though there are overlaps and subtleties to each, each type is characterized by its own set of hormones. Table 1: Love can be distilled into three categories: lust, attraction, and attachment. Each category is characterized by its own set of hormones stemming from the brain (Table 1). Helen Fisher at Rutgers, romantic love can be broken down into three categories: lust, attraction, and attachment. As it turns out, love is all about the brain – which, in turn, makes the rest of your body go haywire.Īccording to a team of scientists led by Dr. It’s no surprise that, for centuries, people thought love (and most other emotions, for that matter) arose from the heart. And chances are, your heart was thudding in your chest. You may have stammered, your palms may have sweated you may have said something incredibly asinine and tripped spectacularly while trying to saunter away (or is that just me?). Think of the last time you ran into someone you find attractive. So, if there’s really a “formula” for love, what is it, and what does it mean? Total Eclipse of the Brain What we do know, however, is that much of love can be explained by chemistry. Needless to say, the scientific basis of love is often sensationalized, and as with most science, we don’t know enough to draw firm conclusions about every piece of the puzzle. Google the phrase “biology of love” and you’ll get answers that run the gamut of accuracy. It turns out the science behind love is both simpler and more complex than we might think. Scientists in fields ranging from anthropology to neuroscience have been asking this same question (albeit less eloquently) for decades. ![]()
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![]() With this data at hand, photographers can make informed decisions about when to switch out their cameras and purchase new ones.Īt present, Fujifilm does not offer users direct access to information about their camera’s shutter count however, there are third-party companies which have created programs that allow users to easily check the status of their device. It quantifies the number of times that a camera’s shutter has been activated, thereby giving an indication as to how much it has been used over time. Install gphoto2 from inside the virtual machine.Fujifilm shutter count is an important metric for evaluating the remaining lifespan of a digital camera. If you have experience using virtualisation software such as Virtualbox or VMWare Workstation, then another way is to install or use an existing virtual Linux installation of your choice. See the full features by typing man gphoto2. You can also run all other gphoto2 commands if needed. These commands shortcuts to the gphoto2 program. To check shutter count, type shuttercounter, to read camera information, you can type camerainfo, this will display information such as the camera’s serial number. You can check whether the computer has detected the camera by typing dmesg. Plug the camera into the computer using a USB cord, some messages may be displayed on scren as you do this. Once you have rebooted, it should start up in Debian (on the live CD), and a command prompt will be shown along with a message. This usually flashes up on the monitor when it boots up.Īlternatively, you can enter the BIOS settings and change the boot order, and set the CD/DVD drive as the first device. To boot your computer from a CD, there is usually key you can press to change the boot device (e.g F12). You can do this by right clicking on the ISO file in Windows Explorer and selecting “Burn disc image”. Download the live CD, I have created and write it to a CD or DVD. This is the simplest way for non tech heads. Some Linux distributions may not have gphoto2 as precompiled package in which case you’ll need to download and compile it from source. Install gPhoto2 using package manager of our distribution.įor Centos, RHEL and other distributions which use the yum package manager:įor Debian, Ubuntu and other distributions which use the apt package manager: If your camera is compatible, the shutter actuation count will be displayed.To check the number of actuations, on the attached camera, type gphoto2 -get-config /main/status/shuttercounter.This is needed, to kill any running processes connected to the USB device. Wait a few seconds after connecting your camera, and type killall PTPCamera – every time you replug your camera to the computer, you’ll need to type this before using gphoto2.Connect your camera to the USB port, using a USB cable.Test whether gphoto2 is properly installed by typing gphoto2 -version.Install the gphoto2 package by running the command sudo port install gphoto2.Update macports if needed, by running the command sudo port -v selfupdate.Run the installer and follow the instructions and install it to your computer. Visit the MacPorts web site and download the. ![]() Skip this if you already have it installed. Install XCode Developer Tools for your version of OS X from the Apple Developer web site.You’ll need to be connected to the internet while you do this. GPhoto2 can be installed using MacPorts or Homebrew. ![]() Let me know if you have confirmed another model which works using this method. There may be a few other compatible cameras too. ![]() This method can be used to obtain the shutter actuation count on the following cameras: ![]() |